Letters from Burma by Aung San Suu Kyi.

Old Songs

Some days ago two young Japanese women studying Burmese at Osaka University of Foreign Studies came to see me at a very opportune time. U Kyi Maung and I wanted help in translating a couple of Japanese songs. A few weeks ago U Kyi Maung had spoken at one of our weekend public meetings about these songs which he had learnt as a young soldier. Many of the songs of the armed forces of Burma date back to the days of World War II and have Burmese lyrics put to Japanese tunes. Thus visitors from Japan who watch Burmese television today hear sounds associated with the days of militarist fascism and tend to ask with surprise and/or derision: "Why do you play these old fascist songs in your country?"

U Kyi Maung explained that there was nothing intrinsically fascist about the original Japanese words of some of the songs and mentioned two which are well known in their Burmese versions. As I expressed an interest in learning more about such songs, he acquired from an old friend of his military academy days a couple of sheets of paper on which were printed, in prewar-style Japanese, a number of the songs he had been taught as a young soldier.

With the help of the two young Japanese women we translated hesitatingly, the words of a song entitled

Hohei no uta [Infantry's tune] The color on my neckband is that of the blossom of the many-branched sakura As the flowers of Yoshino drop in the wind, Those born as sons of Yamato Fall courageously on the frontline like flowers. The gun that measures one /shaku/ is no weapon. A remnant of sword can achieve nothing. It is the spirit of Yamato, instilled repeatedly Beyond the realms of memory Since over two thousand years ago, That keeps two hundred thousand soldiers In seventy stations, Defending their flag, Never surrendering their position, Not even in their dreams.

In another song,

Aiba Shingun Ka [March for My Lovely Horse] How long ago is it since I left my country

Prepared to die together with this horse?

Old horse, are you feeling sleepy?

The reins I hold are as a vein that

Links your blood to mine.

What, U Kyi Maung queried, is there about such words that is fascist or even particularly militaristic? An evocation of tender cherry blossoms, an emphasis on the spirit rather than on weapons, a sentimental ditty about an old horse. But because these songs were sung repeatedly as the Japanese army marched across Asia in obedience to the commands a fascist military government, leaving devastation in its wake, the very tunes have come to be regarded as inauspicious sounds reverberating with the army; his discipline, self-sacrifice and love of nature, were wiped out by the deeds he was made to perform at the behest of leaders who had swept aside liberal values and chosen the way of military aggression to gain their ends, indifferent to the suffering of others.

March 27, 1945 was the day when the people of Burma rose up in resistance against fascism. The National League for Democracy (NLD) commemorated Fascist Resistance Day this year with a lecture at which several people spoke of their personal experiences during the resistance movement. The first speaker was Bohmu Aung, a hale octogenarian who had been one the Thirty Comrades, a group of young men led by my father who received military training from the Japanese army on Hainan Island in 1941. Then U Tin U and U Maung Maung Gyi, another member of the NLD, spoke of events during the early months of 1945 from the point of view of those who were at the time merely junior officers in the Burmese armed forces. The last two speakers were a widely respected literary couple, U Khin Maung Latt and Daw Khin Myo Chit. Their modest and witty recollections of the part they as civilians had played in the resistance movement were particularly valuable. It reminded us of the crucial contribution made by the ordinary citizens of Burma toward the success of the struggle to free our country from both fascist domination and colonial rule. There are some things that we should not forget.

It is the love of ordinary people, in Burma, in Japan or anywhere else in the world, for justice and peace and freedom that is our surest defense against the forces of unreason and extremism that turn innocent songs into threatening chants of war.